Photonic Crystal-Integrated Semitransparent Solar Cell for Solar Greenhouse Application

Abstract

Solar greenhouse technology emerges as a solution that intensifies crop yields and allows utilities to generate energy from photovoltaic cells. Here, we demonstrate a photonic crystal-integrated solar cell that selectively transmits photosynthetic light for plant cultivation and reflects the remaining light to the adjacent solar cells to generate electricity. The photonic crystal is fabricated using an e-beam evaporation method by nonperiodic stacking of TiO2 and SiO2 layers to transmit light at 400–500 nm (blue) and 600–700 nm (red) and reflect green (500–600 nm), ultraviolet, and infrared light. The photonic crystal-integrated solar cell is constructed with the vertically arranged copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cell and the tilted photonic crystal with respect to the CIGS cell. By controlling the tilting angle of the photonic crystal film, it achieves the generated electric power of 40.2 W m-2 and the irradiance of 124.6 W m-2 for transmitted photosynthetic lights (400–500 and 600–700 nm). In contrast, a conventional horizontal CIGS cell shows a power generation of 55.6 W m-2 without any light transmission. This work provides a new optical strategy and design principle for the development of a wavelength-selective semitransparent solar cell.