Effects of Carbon Emission on the Environment of High-Speed Vehicles on Highways for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Abstract

The emergence of intelligent applications of the Internet of things (IoT) is facilitating human beings up to a great extent. However, numerous applications of the IoT have an adverse impact on our society and environment as well that needs to be dealt with properly to provide smart services to the end-users. For instance, the carbon emissions of vehicles from intelligent transportation systems (ITS) driving on highways are high due to low-carbon traffic management. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of high-speed vehicles on the road causing carbon emissions. For this purpose, Ford, Volkswagen, and Toyota models were used as test subjects to count relevant parameters during May and October 2020. Carbon emissions and vehicle speed on highways were calculated. The relationship between vehicle speed and fuel consumption on the expressway was also analyzed. The results confirm that the fuel consumption of Ford, Volkswagen, and Toyota is the lowest when the vehicle speed is 70 km/h, 80 km/h, and 90 km/h, respectively. The relationship between vehicle speed and carbon emissions in sunny and rainy weather is also analyzed based on the proposed model. It was concluded that the carbon emissions of Ford, Volkswagen, and Toyota are 6.24 mg/1000 km, 6.52 mg/1000 km, and 9.29 mg/1000 km, respectively, under sunny weather conditions. In contrast, the emissions continue to increase when the car accelerates. The driving speed range corresponding to the minimum carbon emissions per hundred kilometres of the three vehicles is 60–120 km/h. However, the carbon emissions of the three vehicles change in rainy weather. The minimum carbon emission of Ford is 6.07 mg/1000 km when the driving speed is within the range of 80–100 km/h. In comparison, Volkswagen and Toyota have the lowest carbon emissions of 6.23 mg/1000 km and 9.15 mg/1000 km, respectively, when the vehicle speed is in the range of 80–120 km/h. The results obtained in this paper establish a unique relationship between vehicle speed, type of vehicle, weather, and highway conditions for any application of the ITS.