Prevalence of Hepatitis B Viral Infection in Pregnant Women at the Suhum Municipality, Ghana

Abstract

Background. Global prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was estimated between 257 and 291 million since 2020, posing a great public health challenge. In Africa, an estimated 60 million cases of HBV were reported in the same year. Pregnant women might be susceptible to HBV infection dependent on their level of awareness and knowledge about the causes, transmission, and prevention of HBV. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness and prevalence of HBV infection and prolonged bleeding risk among pregnant women at the Suhum Municipality of Ghana. Methods. The study was a cross-sectional design involving pregnant women who were sampled following their visit to the antenatal unit at the Suhum Government Hospital. Sociodemographics including history of HBV screening and vaccinations were obtained from consented individuals using pretested questionnaires. Also, venous blood samples were obtained for platelet count, whereas bleeding time assay was performed to assess functional platelet disorders. Results. Hepatitis B prevalence was 4.4%, with 14.1% prevalence of mild thrombocytopenia and 1.5% prevalence of prolonged bleeding time. Pregnant women who had tertiary education and previous screening were about 8 times ($\text{AOR}=7.78$, 95% CI: 1.50-40.50) and 14 times ($\text{AOR}=13.66$, 95% CI: 1.72-108.75) more likely to have knowledge of hepatitis B than those without tertiary education and previous screening, respectively. Conclusion. The prevalence of HBV was 4.4%. Education status and previous screening were associated with demonstration of knowledge about HBV; therefore, intensification of education and screening are recommended.