Comparison of Embryological Results of Microinjection in Two Groups of Men with and without Requesting Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index Measurement

Abstract

Introduction. The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) is considered a valuable measure to assess male fertility, but the predictive value of DFI for the outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART) is still controversial. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the effect of requesting a DFI test or performing ART without DFI on the results observed in the embryology laboratory (number of embryos, fertilization rate, and embryo quality) after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods. This retrospective study was conducted on infertile men who underwent ICSI and were referred to the Avicenna Infertility and Recurrent Abortion Treatment Center in Tehran from 2019 to 2022. The samples were categorized into two groups: a case group with DFI measurement and a control group without DFI measurement. We conducted a comparative analysis of the embryology results between the two groups, focusing on parameters such as fertilization rate, number of embryos, and embryo quality. $t$-tests and Mann–Whitney $U$ tests were used to conduct single variable analysis. Potential confounding effects were adjusted to use the multivariate linear and logistic regression. Results. Data analysis showed no significant statistical difference between the case group and the control group in terms of the number of embryos (95% confidence interval for the regression coefficient $\left(\beta \right)=-0.257‐0.123$), and embryo quality (95% confidence interval for $\beta =-0.199‐0.114$). There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups due to the fertilization rate (95% confidence interval for $\beta =-3.42‐3.42$), except for the variables of woman’s age and sperm count after ICSI, as determined by adjusted linear regression. Conclusions. Although DFI measurement is used to assess male infertility, its importance as a predictor for the embryology outcomes after ICSI requires further evaluation and the determination of a cut-off point for predicting results. This study was based on retrospectively collected DFI data, and prospective studies confirming the superiority of ICSI outcomes are necessary.