Effects of Alcoholic Extracts of Bangladeshi Mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Acanthaceae) Leaf and Stem on Atherogenic Model of Wistar Albino Rats

Author:

Karim Rubaba1ORCID,Begum Mst Marium2ORCID,Alim Md. Abdul34,Uddin Md. Sahab56ORCID,Kabir Md. Tanvir7ORCID,Khan Ashfia Fatima1,Islam Tanjina1,Khan Shafiul Islam1,Rahman Md. Sohanur8ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh

2. Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

3. Department of Chemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh

4. Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

5. Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

6. Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh

7. Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh

8. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh

Abstract

Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Acanthaceae) is a popular mangrove ethnomedicinal plant that cures several ailments, including asthma, diabetes, cancer, and many others. Our experiment was aimed at evaluating the anti-atherogenic effect of A. ilicifolius (leaf and stem) on a high-fat diet-induced atherogenic rat model. Atherosclerosis was developed in 12 weeks. Treatment with the standard drug (3 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o. of Simvastatin), separate doses of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius leaf (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.), and stem (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.) was subsequently conducted for additional 15 days. The anti-atherogenic effect was evaluated by estimating the change in body weight, systolic blood pressure, and lipid profile. Histopathology of aorta, liver, and kidney of atherogenic models was done for further evaluation. The antioxidant effect of different extracts was performed via DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay using ascorbic acid as standard. The anticoagulant effect was determined after 15 days of treatment with the same doses of the plant extracts and the standard Warfarin (2 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.). When compared with atherogenic control, treatment with A. ilicifolius significantly reduced ( p  < 0.01) body weight, systolic blood pressure, and serum lipid levels while it elevated HDL (high-density lipoprotein) level in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, bleeding and clotting time was significantly decreased ( p  < 0.01) under the treatment of plant extracts. The histopathological data showed considerable improvement in tissue morphology after treatment. Our study evidenced that the alcoholic extracts of A. ilicifolius leaf and stem have anti-atherogenic properties and may be recommended as a potential herbal remedy for preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Funder

University of Dhaka

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Complementary and alternative medicine

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