Novel Arsenic Nanoparticles Are More Effective and Less Toxic than As (III) to Inhibit Extracellular and Intracellular Proliferation ofLeishmania donovani

Author:

Chakraborty Sudipta1,Bhar Kaushik1,Saha Sandip2,Chakrabarti Rajarshi1,Pal Anjali2,Siddhanta Anirban1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India

2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis, a vector-borne tropical disease that is threatening about 350 million people worldwide, is caused by the protozoan parasiteLeishmania donovani. Metalloids like arsenic and antimony have been used to treat diseases like leishmaniasis caused by the kinetoplastid parasites. Arsenic (III) at a relatively higher concentration (30 μg/mL) has been shown to have antileishmanial activity, but this concentration is reported to be toxic in several experimental mammalian systems. Nanosized metal (0) particles have been shown to be more effective than their higher oxidation state forms. There is no information so far regarding arsenic nanoparticles (As-NPs) as an antileishmanial agent. We have tested the antileishmanial properties of the As-NPs, developed for the first time in our laboratory. As-NPs inhibited thein vitrogrowth, oxygen consumption, infectivity, and intramacrophage proliferation ofL. donovaniparasites at a concentration which is about several fold lower than that of As (III). Moreover, this antileishmanial activity has comparatively less cytotoxic effect on the mouse macrophage cell line. It is evident from our findings that As-NPs have more potential than As (III) to be used as an antileishmanial agent.

Funder

Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Parasitology

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