Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Delayed Viral Infection Model with Two Modes of Transmission and Immune Impairment

Abstract

In this paper, the dynamical behaviors for a diffusive virus infection model with two general nonlinear incidence functions, CTL immune impairment and discrete delays, are investigated. Cell-to-cell transmission plays a more important role in virus spreading in addition to virus-to-cell infection. Nonnegativity and boundcedness properties of the solutions are proven to show the well-posedness of the model. Five reproduction numbers are calculated and verified to be thresholds determining the global properties of the virus model. A significant impact of cell-to-cell transmission is that they increase the basic reproduction number. If one neglects either the cell-to-cell transmission or virus-to-cell infection, the basic reproduction number of the model is underevaluated. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the dynamical behavior of the model.