The Effect of Sumac Fruit on Serum Lipids and Body Mass Index in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Background. Sumac fruit is an antioxidant and reduces serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) levels. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of sumac fruit on serum lipids and body mass index (BMI) of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted for 12 weeks on HD patients. Participants were randomly divided into three groups of 2-gram sumac (N = 40), 3-gram sumac (N = 40), and placebo (N = 40) by nonprobability consecutive sampling and stratified block randomization method based on inclusion criteria. Serum lipids and BMI were measured at the beginning of the study and also at the end of the sixth and the twelfth weeks. The physical activity and 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires were used to collect data. Results. No significant difference was found between the level of nutrient and micronutrient intake ( $P>0.05$ ), physical activity ( $P=0.159$ ), and BMI ( $P=0.718$ ) of patients in the three groups before and after the intervention. However, the difference in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in each studied group was significant over time ( $P<0.001$ ). The difference was not statistically significant between the groups before the intervention, 6 and 12 weeks after the intervention (group effect), and between the study groups over time (time-group interaction). No statistically significant difference was observed between the mean levels of TG ( $P=0.875$ ), CHOL level ( $P=0.969$ ), LDL level ( $P=0.998$ ), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level ( $P=0.136$ ), and BMI ( $P=0.608$ ) in the groups over time. Conclusion. Consumption of sumac fruit significantly changed the LDL level over time. Although BMI and serum lipids changed in HD patients, these changes were not significant. Future studies are needed to determine the effective dose of sumac and any dose increase should take toxicity into account and consider a larger sample size and longer intervention and follow-up times.