Effect of Standardized Perioperative Management on EEG Indexes and Nerve and Limb Functions of Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy

Abstract

Objective. To explore the application value of standardized perioperative management in mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral infarction. Methods. 98 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected as the study sample in this study, and all patients were given the standardized perioperative management. According to the interventional methods, they were divided into the thrombolytic treatment group (arteriovenous combined thrombolysis, $n=49$ ) and mechanical thrombectomy group (mechanical thrombectomy, $n=49$ ) to compare the nerve function, limb function, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 24 hours, acute vascular reocclusion, and the death status within 1 year and incidence of adverse events in 90 days of the two groups after treatment. Results. After treatment, the values of brain symmetry index (BSI) and power ratio indices (DTABR) in the two groups were obviously lower than those before treatment ( $P<0.05$ ), and the values of BSI and DTABR in the mechanical thrombectomy group were lower than those in the thrombolytic treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ). According to the statistical data of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in patients, the NIHSS scores of the two groups after treatment were visibly decreased ( $P<0.05$ ), while the NIHSS score in the mechanical thrombectomy group after treatment was lower than that in the thrombolytic treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ). The proportion of modified Rankin scale (mRS) $\text{score}<3$ in the mechanical thrombectomy group was distinctly higher than that in the thrombolytic treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ). The proportion of TIMI flow $\text{grade}\ge 2$ in the mechanical thrombectomy group was significantly higher than that in the thrombolytic treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ). The rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 24 hours in the mechanical thrombectomy group was lower than that in the thrombolytic treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ), with the indistinctive difference between the two groups ( $P>0.05$ ). The incidence of acute vascular reocclusion in the mechanical thrombectomy group was markedly lower than that in the thrombolytic treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ). There was no significant difference in 1-year mortality between the two groups ( $P>0.05$ ). In the mechanical thrombectomy group, there were 1 case of gingiva bleeding, 1 case of hemorrhinia, and 2 cases of recurrent cerebral infarction in 90 days, with a total of 4 cases (8.16%), while in the thrombolytic treatment group, there were 4 cases of gingiva bleeding, 4 cases of hemorrhinia, and 15 cases of recurrent cerebral infarction in 90 days, with a total of 23 cases (46.94%), indicating that the incidence of adverse events in 90 days in the mechanical thrombectomy group was significantly lower than that in the thrombolytic treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ). Conclusion. The standardized perioperative management is effective in patients with acute cerebral infarction who were treated with arteriovenous combined thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, which can improve the neurological function and physical function of patients. However, the mechanical thrombectomy has a better improvement effect on the neurological function and physical function of patients, with the relatively better safety, thrombolytic effect, and long-term prognosis.