Effectiveness Evaluation of Levamisole, Albendazole, Ivermectin, andVernonia amygdalinain West African Dwarf Goats

Abstract

Anthelmintic drug resistance has led to the search for alternatives in controlling helminth infections. Fifty West African Dwarf goats without history of anthelmintic treatment were divided equally into five groups. Group A was treated with ivermectin injection subcutaneously, group B with levamisole subcutaneously, group C with albendazole orally, and group D with aqueous extract ofVernonia amygdalinaand group E was untreated control. Faecal samples were collected before treatment from each animal and larval culture was carried out. Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test was carried out for each group and the data analysed using FECR version 4 to calculate percent reduction in faecal egg count. Predominant helminth infections from larval culture wereHaemonchus contortus(70%),Trichostrongylusspp. (61%), andOesophagostomumspp. (56%). Mixed infection was present in all the animals. From the FECR testVernonia amygdalinaextract was more effective against helminths (100%), compared to ivermectin 96%, levamisole 96%, and albendazole 99%. The lower 95% confidence limit was 89 for ivermectin and levamisole and 91 for albendazole. There is low resistance to ivermectin and levamisole and susceptibility to albendazole whileV. amygdalinahas great potentials that could be explored for the treatment of helminth diseases in goats.