Unusual Case of Simultaneous Presentation of Plasma Cell Myeloma, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, and a Jak2 Positive Myeloproliferative Disorder

Abstract

Background. Multiple articles discuss the rare incidence and potential causes of second hematologic disorders arising after treatment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), leading to the theory of imatinib, the current treatment regimen for CML, as a possible trigger for the development of secondary neoplasms. Our case eliminates the possibility of imatinib as the sole cause since our patient received a diagnosis of simultaneous plasma cell myeloma, CML, and a Jak2 mutation positive myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) arising de novo, prior to any treatment. We will further investigate into alternative theories as potential causes for multiple hematopathologic disorders.Case Report. There are currently no reported cases with the diagnosis of simultaneous plasma cell myeloma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and Jak2 positive myeloproliferative disorder. We present a case of a 77-year-old male who was discovered to have these three concurring hematopathologic diagnoses. Our review of the literature includes a look at potential associations linking the three coexisting hematologic entities.Conclusion. The mechanism resulting in simultaneous malignancies is most likely multifactorial and potentially includes factors specific to the host, continuous stimulation of the immune system, previous chemotherapy or radiation, a potential common pluripotent stem cell, or, lastly, preexisting myeloma which may increase the susceptibility of additional malignancies.