Buffer-Aided Cooperative Millimeter Waves for IOT Networks

Abstract

Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) communications is a promising technology for the next wireless generations and applications such as IoT networks because of its massive bandwidth which increases the system capacity. However, mm-wave is susceptible to huge path loss and obstacle blocking, and this is largely narrowing the coverage of the mm-wave signals. Therefore, several techniques are used to enhance mm-wave performance such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and cooperative solutions such as relays. For instance, traditional relaying techniques (without buffers) are utilized to mitigate mm-wave path loss and blocking, as it provides an alternative path that could have lower path loss and it could help in avoiding obstacles. Nonetheless, traditional relaying techniques are outperformed by buffer-aided relaying techniques which achieve higher throughput and lower outage in the microwave frequencies. In this paper, we propose utilizing buffer-aided relays with a finite buffer-size instead of conventional relays in mm-wave networks motivated by the positive impact of the buffer-aided relay in lower frequency bands (microwave band). In the simulations, all sources, relays, blockages, and users are distributed in the network as a Poisson point process with various densities. Simulation experiments show that the proposed relay-assisted mm-wave network with buffering capabilities outperforms the conventional relay in both throughput and coverage and achieves about 3 dB gain. This superiority of the proposed solution holds in different scenarios such as increasing the ratio of the blockages or decreasing the ratio of relays. In particular, employing buffer-aided relays has almost the same effect of doubling the number of conventional relays, which is cost and spatial effective. Furthermore, in the majority of buffer-aided relays studies, the impractical infinite buffer-size is considered; however, the proposed solution utilizes a practical finite buffer-size with prioritizing transmission, and the results show that the practical solution can outperform the infinite buffer-size solution in the mm-wave networks.