Adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) as a Cationic Dye on Amberlyst 15, an Ion-Exchange Resin

Abstract

Crystals of malachite green (MG), being water-soluble, are effective agents applied to combat fungal and parasitic infections in fish. This study was conducted to evaluate the adsorption of MG as a cationic dye by polymeric resin Amberlyst 15. Changes in several parameters were observed, including the concentration of MG, pH, the adsorption rate and extent, and the temperature that might all affect the efficiency of adsorption. The adsorption method was described well by both the Redlich–Peterson and Langmuir isotherms with R2 of 0.9933 and 0.9880, respectively. The kinetic information is consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-2nd-order kinetics model. Analysis of malachite green was executed by HPLC containing a Eurospher 100-5 C18 (25 cm × 4.5 mm, size of particle 5 μm) column, UV detector was set at 618 nm, and 125 mM ammonium acetate was adapted to pH 4.5 with formic acid-acetonitrile (45 : 55, v/v) as the moving phase. The limit of the discovery factor was 0.02 μgL. The negative value of ΔG° reveals the spontaneity of the absorption method. The positive value of ΔS° (333.1253 J/K mol) gives back randomness at the solid-liquid interface of sorption. The required adsorbent concentration was calculated for removing MG up to an extraction efficiency of 98.27% after 240 minutes.