Comorbidity of Anxiety and Hypertension: Common Risk Factors and Potential Mechanisms

Author:

Qiu Tingting12,Jiang Zhiming3,Chen Xuancai4,Dai Yehua5ORCID,Zhao Hong1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China

2. The Central Hospital of Changsha City, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China

3. Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China

4. Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China

5. Nursing College, University of Xiangnan, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China

Abstract

Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension, and these two conditions frequently coexist. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on determining etiology in patients with comorbid hypertension and anxiety. This review focuses on the common risk factors and potential mechanisms of comorbid hypertension and anxiety. Firstly, we analyze the common risk factors of comorbid hypertension and anxiety including age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lead, and traffic noise. The specific mechanisms underlying hypertension and anxiety were subsequently discussed, including interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. Increased IL-6, IL-17, and ROS accelerate the development of hypertension and anxiety. Gut dysbiosis leads to hypertension and anxiety by reducing short-chain fatty acids, vitamin D, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and increasing trimethylamine N-oxide (TAMO) and MYC. These shared risk factors and potential mechanisms may provide an effective strategy for treating and preventing hypertension and comorbid anxiety.

Funder

Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Internal Medicine

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