Entropy Generation Analysis for MHD Flow of Hybrid Nanofluids over a Curved Stretching Surface with Shape Effects

Abstract

The characteristic of magnetohydrodynamic flow of viscous fluids is explained here. The energy equation behavior is studied in the presence of heat, viscous dissipation, and joule heating. The major emphasis of this study is the physical behavior of the entropy optimization rate. Based on the implementation of curvilinear coordinates, the basic flow equations are established. Nonlinear partial differential expressions are reduced by appropriate transformation to the ordinary differential system. In the engineering and industrial processes, nanoparticles and their shape have practical consequences. For this reason, we give a detailed investigation of the shape impacts on the flow through the curved stretching surface of nanoparticles. The flow equations are reduced into a number of nonlinear differential equations which are solved numerically using a useful numerical approach called Runge-Kutta-4 (RK-4). The shooting method is first used to reduce the equations to a number of problems of first order, and then the RK-4 approach is used for solution. Impacts for entropy optimization, Bejan number, velocity, concentration, and temperature of several physical parameters are graphically studied.