Clinical Value of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D Glucan in Diagnosis of Immune-Associated Pulmonary Interstitial Disease with Fungal Infection

Abstract

Background. Fungal infection in the lungs can cause fungal infectious diseases. This disease develops rapidly and involves a wide range. Pathogenic fungi are also more serious types of pathogenic bacteria. If it invades deep organs and tissues, it will endanger life, so it needs timely diagnosis. Aim. To investigate the diagnostic value of serum soluble myeloid cell triggering receptor-1 (sTREM-1), procalcitonin (PCT), and 1,3-β-D glucan detection in immune related lung disease complicated with fungal infection. Methods. In this study, a case-control study was conducted. 50 patients with immune-related pulmonary disease complicated with fungal infection (infection group) diagnosed by sputum culture in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected as the control group, and 50 patients with immune-related pulmonary disease without fungal infection were selected as the control group. The levels of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan were compared in the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to analyze the value of the three indicators in the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary disease complicated with fungal infection, and the changes of the three indicators before and after treatment were compared. Results. The levels of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan in the infection group were higher than those in the control group ( $P<0.05$ ). The levels of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan in the infection group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( $P<0.05$ ). The AUC value of sTREM-1 in the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary diseases complicated with fungal infection was 0.980, the sensitivity was 97.11%, and the specificity was 83.06%. The AUC value of PCT in the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary diseases complicated with fungal infection was 0.860, the sensitivity was 80.00%, and the specificity was 72.41%. The AUC value of 1,3-β-D glucan in the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary diseases complicated with fungal infection was 0.993, the sensitivity was 98.74%, and the specificity was 99.16%. The levels of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan in the infection group after treatment were considerably lower than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( $P<0.05$ ). Conclusion. The detection of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan levels has high clinical value for the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary diseases complicated with fungal infection.