The Study of Caspian Roach (Rutilus caspicus) Fry Health Fed with Phytobiotic-Supplemented and Salinity Stress Resistance with Emphasis on Gill Tissue Pathology

Abstract

Herbal treatment augments immune and antioxidant responses and suppresses stress in fish. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a popular plant with medicinal uses because of its immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginger (Z. officinale) on growth, digestive enzymes activity, antioxidant and immune response, and salinity stress resistance of Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus). Fish (0.98 ± 0.09 g) were divided into four treatment-fed diets containing 0 (control, Z0), 10 (Z10), 20 (Z20), and 30 (Z30) g/kg ginger powder for 56 days and then subjected to 2 g/L salinity stress for 48 hr. The highest final weight of specific growth rate (SGR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity and the lowest final weight of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in fish-fed diets containing 10 and 20 g/kg ginger inclusion. Intestinal protease activity significantly increased in Z10 treatment, and the highest amylase and lipase activities were related to control, including 10 g/kg ginger in the diet compared to the control group had a significant effect on immune indices such as immunoglobulin M (IgM) and ACH50 ( $p<0.05$ ). The highest lysozyme was obtained in Z20 treatment, which had a significant difference in the control ( $p<0.05$ ). Cortisol and glucose levels were significantly lower in ginger treatments than the control before and/or after salinity stress. Histopathologic results showed that hyperplasia, edema, expansion of secondary lamella, epithelial cells, and necrosis of gills were most common lesions. However, the results of this study demonstrate that using ginger powder in addition to improving of growth, it can be also effective in survival rate of Caspian roach fingerling as an endangered species exposed to salinity stress.