Apoptosis-Inducing Effect of Three Medicinal Plants on Oral Cancer Cells KB and ORL-48

Abstract

Brucea javanica, Azadirachta indica,andTyphonium flagelliformeare medicinal plants commonly used to treat conditions associated with tumour formation. This study aimed to determine the antiproliferative activity of these plants extracts on KB and ORL-48 oral cancer cell lines and to suggest their mode of cell death. The concentration producing 50% cell inhibition (IC50) was determined and the activity was examined under an inverted microscope. Immunohistochemistry fluorescent staining method (TUNEL) was performed to indicate the mechanism of cell death and the fragmented DNA band pattern produced was obtained for verification. Compared toAzadirachtasp. andTyphoniumsp., the antiproliferative activity ofBruceasp. extract was the most potent on both KB and ORL-48 cells with IC50of 24.37 ± 1.75 and 6.67 ± 1.15 µg/mL, respectively. Signs of cell attrition were observed 24 hr after treatment. Green fluorescent spots indicating cell death by apoptosis were observed in images of both cells following treatment with all the three extracts. DNA fragments harvested fromBrucea-treated cells produced bands in a ladder pattern suggesting the apoptotic effect of the extract. It is thus concluded thatBruceasp. extract exhibited cytotoxic activity on ORL-48 cells and their action mechanism is via apoptosis.