SMAD1 Loss-of-Function Variant Responsible for Congenital Heart Disease

Author:

Wang Zhi1,Qiao Xiao-Hui1,Xu Ying-Jia2,Liu Xing-Yuan3,Huang Ri-Tai4,Xue Song4,Qiu Hai-Yan1ORCID,Yang Yi-Qing256ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Ningbo Women & Children’s Hospital, Ningbo 315031, China

2. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China

3. Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China

4. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China

5. Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China

6. Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China

Abstract

As the most common form of developmental malformation affecting the heart and endothoracic great vessels, congenital heart disease (CHD) confers substantial morbidity and mortality as well as socioeconomic burden on humans globally. Aggregating convincing evidence highlights the genetic origin of CHD, and damaging variations in over 100 genes have been implicated with CHD. Nevertheless, the genetic basis underpinning CHD remains largely elusive. In this study, via whole-exosome sequencing analysis of a four-generation family inflicted with autosomal-dominant CHD, a heterozygous SMAD1 variation, NM_005900.3: c.264C > A; p.(Tyr88 ), was detected and validated by Sanger sequencing analysis to be in cosegregation with CHD in the whole family. The truncating variation was not observed in 362 unrelated healthy volunteers employed as control persons. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay in cultured COS7 cells demonstrated that Tyr88 -mutant SMAD1 failed to transactivate the genes TBX20 and NKX2.5, two already well-established CHD-causative genes. Additionally, the variation nullified the synergistic transcriptional activation between SMAD1 and MYOCD, another recognized CHD-causative gene. These data indicate SMAD1 as a new gene responsible for CHD, which provides new insight into the genetic mechanism underlying CHD, suggesting certain significance for genetic risk assessment and precise antenatal prevention of the family members inflicted with CHD.

Funder

Ningbo Clinical Research Center Project for Children’s Health and Diseases, Zhejiang province, China

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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