The Relationship between VEGF-C, TAM, and Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Cancer

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and tumor-associated macrophages in oral cancer (TAMs) with lymph node metastasis. Method. From January 2018 to January 2022, 155 cases of oral cancer tissues and 165 cases of normal mucosal tissues were collected from oral surgical resection tissues or biopsy specimens in Hebei Eye Hospital. Oral cancer tissues were observed. The control group had normal mucosal tissues. The clinical and immune parameters were observed and the treatment of oral cancer is also briefly discussed. Results. The number of TAMs and the expression of VEGF-C in oral cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues ( $P<0.05$ ). The lymphatic vessel density, the number of TAMs, and the expression of VEGF-C in the metastatic group were higher than in nonmetastatic group, and the lymphatic vessel density, the number of TAMs, and the expression of VEGF-C in the paracancerous tissues were higher than central tumor tissue in the metastatic group ( $P<0.05$ ). Univariate analysis showed that the number of TAMs was related to the histological stage and the pathological type of oral cancer ( $P>0.05$ ). The expression of VEGF-C was associated with the histological stage of oral cancer ( $P<0.05$ ). Compared with the immune function after different treatments, the contents of CD4+ in both groups was higher than before, and the combined treatment group was increased more than single treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ). The contents of CD3+ and CD8+ in the two groups were lower than before, and the combined treatment group was decreased higher than combined treatment group ( $P<0.05$ ). Conclusions. The number of TAMs and the expression of VEGF-C in oral cancer tissues are higher than normal tissues. The number of TAMs and the expression of VEGF-C are higher in patients with lymph node metastasis. TAMs and VEGF-C may play an important role in lymph node metastasis of oral cancer. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine can improve the immune function of patients with oral cancer and may improve the therapeutic efficacy.