Molecular Detection and Glycoprotein B (UL55) Genotyping of Cytomegalovirus among Sudanese Renal Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic pathogen among renal transplants with significant morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to detect CMV DNA and to determine the frequency of different glycoprotein B (UL55) genotypes among Sudanese renal transplant recipients. Methods. One hundred and four renal transplant recipients were included in this study. A blood specimen was collected from each recipient. DNA was extracted from plasma using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. CMV amplification and quantification were performed using CMV Real-RT Quant kits. Genotyping of human CMV gB was carried out by nested PCR and sequencing of the highly diverse region of gB. Results. CMV DNA was detected in 40/104 (38.5%) of renal transplant recipients. The average of the CMV DNA viral load was $358\times {10}^4$ copies/ml (6.5 log10) ranging from 62 copies/ml (1.8 log10) to $1.43\times {10}^8$ copies/ml (9 log10). CMV viremia was detected in 60% of recipients of less than 1–12 months, 17% of 13–24, 10% of 25–36, 5% of 37–48, and 8% in more than 48 months posttransplantation with no association ( $p=0.296$ ) between CMV viremia and postrenal transplantation time. The association between the type of immunosuppressive drugs and high viral loads (>1000 copies/ml) showed a significant difference ( $p=0.05$ ). The association between CMV loads of >1000 copies/ml and symptoms of CMV disease was highly significant ( $p\le 0.001$ ). Fever 7 (41%), fever and leucopenia 6 (35%), and gastrointestinal disease 4 (24%) were the most common symptoms of CMV disease. CMV genotyping revealed 8 cases (80%) for gB3 and 2 cases (20%) for gB4 genotypes. The most frequent genotype among Sudanese renal transplant recipients was gB3. Conclusions. The frequency of CMV DNA is high among Sudanese renal transplant recipients. CMV gB3 is the most predominant glycoprotein B genotype in Sudanese renal transplant recipients.