Improved Hole Injection in Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) Hybrid Solar Cells by Applying a Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Buffer Layer

Abstract

In this work, the utilization of graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films as hole transport and electron-blocking layers in polymer/nanocrystal hybrid solar cells is demonstrated. A simple method has been used to modify the anode of hybrid solar cells by depositing these two solution-processable nanocarbon materials between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) layers. Upon the use of an rGO interlayer, we found a substantial improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 2.5% to 3.2% due to a decrease in series resistance (Rs). This decrease has been obtained by a careful tuning of the reduction degree of rGO, inducing optimization of the energy band alignment at the solar cell anode. In addition, charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) measurements show an increase in light-induced charge extraction of ca. 50%. Finally, the utilization of rGO as replacement for PEDOT:PSS is also presented. The findings reported in this work demonstrate the excellent potential of rGO as an efficient hole transport material in hybrid solar cells.