Size-Dependent Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Cochlear Cells In Vitro

Author:

Perde-Schrepler Maria1ORCID,Florea Adrian2ORCID,Brie Ioana1ORCID,Virag Piroska1,Fischer-Fodor Eva1,Vâlcan Angela3,Gurzău Eugen3,Lisencu Cosmin4ORCID,Maniu Alma5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță”, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

2. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

3. Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

4. Department of Oncologic Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

5. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been proven to have potent antibacterial properties, offering an attractive alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of several infections such as otitis media. Concerns have been raised though regarding their toxicity. There are few data regarding the toxic effects of AgNPs in cochlear cells. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of AgNPs of four sizes as a function of their size on HEI-OC1 cochlear cells and on HaCaT keratinocytes. The cells were treated with different concentrations of AgNPs. We evaluated silver uptake by atomic absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cytotoxicity with the alamarBlue test, ROS production with 2,7-dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate, and genotoxicity with the comet assay. Silver intracellular concentration increased proportionally with the incubation time and the size of the NPs. Silver uptake was higher in HEI-OC1 cells compared to HaCaT. While after 4 h exposure, only the 50 nm NPs were observed in both cell lines and only the 5 nm NPs were observed in the HaCaT cells, after 24 h, nanoparticles of all sizes could be visualized in both cell lines. The cells showed signs of distress: vacuolizations, autophagosomes, signs of apoptosis, or cellular debris. AgNPs of all sizes reduced viability proportionally with the concentration, HEI-OC1 cells being more affected. The toxicity of AgNPs decreased with the nanoparticle size, and ROS production was dose and size dependent, mainly in the cochlear cells. Genotoxicity assessed by comet assay revealed a higher level of DNA lesions in HEI-OC1 cells after treatment with small-sized AgNPs. The perspective of using AgNPs in the treatment of otitis media, although very attractive, must be regarded with caution: cochlear cells proved to be more sensitive to the toxic effect of AgNPs compared to other cell lines. Potential treatments must be tailored specifically, choosing NPs with minimum toxicity towards auditory cells.

Funder

Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development, and Innovation

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Materials Science

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