Potential Differences in the Cardiometabolic Risk Profile of Patients with Psoriatic Disease according to Their HLA-C ∗ 06 Status

Abstract

The human leukocyte antigen-C $\ast$ 06 (HLA-C $\ast$ 06, formerly HLA-Cw6) is the main genetic biomarker in psoriatic disease. It has been related to several phenotypic traits in psoriatic disease, but its role in relation to cardiometabolic comorbidities is unknown at present. Here, we analyze the potential connections between this biomarker and the cardiometabolic profile of these patients. We carried out a cross-sectional observational study including 400 patients recruited at a single university hospital. Clinical and classical cardiometabolic factors were compared between HLA-C $\ast$ 06-positive and HLA-C $\ast$ 06-negative individuals (OR with 95% CI). Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to check for disease traits associated with different cardiometabolic risk factors. The study population included 215 men (53.8%) and 185 women (46.2%), mean age of $46\pm 15\text{years}$ , and an average disease evolution of $17\pm 12.6\text{years}$ . Ninety-three (23.3%) patients met CASPAR criteria for psoriatic arthritis. HLA-C $\ast$ 06 carriers ( $n$ : 160, 40%) showed an earlier age at disease onset, psoriasis family history, and more severe skin disease (type I disease). After correcting for age, sex, and disease duration, they also showed less hypertension (13.8% vs. 24.2%, OR 0.7 (95% CI: 0.42-0.78), $p=0.025$ ), lower waist circumference ( $94.4\pm 13.7$ vs. $98.3\pm 13.8\text{cm}$ ), and lower BMI ( $27\pm 4.4$ vs. $28.1\pm 4.8$ , $p<0.05$ ). We confirmed the well-known association between HLA-C $\ast$ 06 and type I psoriatic disease. As a novel finding, patients carrying HLA-C $\ast$ 06 showed a better cardiometabolic profile. In any case, these findings need further confirmation.