Effect of Nonthermal Plasma on Shear Bond Strength of Translucent Zirconia in Layering Ceramic

Abstract

Background. Today, various methods are used to increase the bond strength of zirconia in layering ceramics. This study evaluated the effects of nonthermal argon plasma on zirconia shear bond strength to layering porcelain. Materials and Method. In this experimental study, 42 square blocks of zirconia were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n = 14) according to the applying surface treatment: (1) the control group (without any surface treatment), (2) the plasma-treated group with argon nonthermal plasma, and (3) the air abrasion group with 50 µm Al2O3 particles. All samples were layered with porcelain. One sample from each group was evaluated by electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the cross-sectional area of the zirconia–ceramic bond. The rest of the specimens were subjected to thermocycling with 5,000 baths to imitate the aging process in the mouth and then were tested for shear bond strength. The failure pattern of the samples was examined by stereomicroscope. Bond strength data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test in three groups and Tamhane post hoc test in pairs. The significance level of p-value was considered 0.05. Results. The shear bond strength of the plasma-treated group was significantly higher than the control group ( $p=0.032$ ) but the shear bond strength between the sandblast and the plasma-treated group was not significantly different ( $p=0.656$ ). The shear bond strength between the sandblast and the control group was also not significant ( $p=0.202$ ). Regarding the mode of failure, failures were mostly adhesive and then mixed. Examination of the samples under SEM showed that the bond area is the thickest in the sandblast group and also the surface roughness is the highest in the sandblast group and the lowest in the control group. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the use of nonthermal argon plasma treatment is an effective way to enhance the quality and quantity of shear bond strength between layering porcelain and zirconia.