Effect of Exercise Intervention on Internet Addiction and Autonomic Nervous Function in College Students

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the effects of 12-week physical exercise (jogging, basketball, and outdoor training) on sleep quality, harmful mood, and heart rate variability (HRV) in college students with Internet addiction. Methods. 46 college students with Internet addiction were chosen and then randomly assigned to the Internet addiction group (IA, $n=23$ ) and the Internet addiction exercise group (IA+EX, $n=23$ ). The subjects in the IA+EX group underwent physical exercise for 12 weeks (three times per week), and the IA group did not perform regular physical exercise during the experiment. Then, the degree of Internet addiction, depression, and sleep quality were evaluated by using Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); HRV were measured by using Polar Team 2 before and after physical exercise intervention. Results. (1) After the 12-week exercise, compared to preexercise intervention, the scores of IAT, CES-D, and PSQI significantly decreased ( $t=12.183$ , 9.238, 5.660; $P<0.01$ ) in the IA+EX group; compared with the IA group, the scores of IAT, CES-D, and PSQI significantly decreased ( $t=2.449$ , 3.175, 4.487; $P<0.05$ , P <0.01) in IA+EX group college students with Internet addiction. (2) After the 12-week exercise, compared to preexercise intervention, LFn and the ratio of LF/HF significantly decreased ( $t=5.650$ , 3.493; $P<0.01$ ) and HFn significantly increased ( $t=-2.491$ , $P<0.05$ ) in the IA+EX group; there were no significant differences in the above indexes before and after the experiment in the IA group ( $P>0.05$ ). Compared with the IA group, HFn significantly increased ( $t=3.616$ , $P<0.01$ ) and the ratio of LF/HF significantly decreased ( $t=2.099$ , $P<0.01$ ) in IA+EX group college students with Internet addiction; there was no significant difference in LFn between the two groups. Conclusion. Long-term physical exercise could significantly reduce the degree of Internet addiction and depression, improve sleep quality, and balance sympathetic parasympathetic function of college students with Internet addiction, indicating that exercise-based intervention might be an effective way to alleviate or even eliminate Internet addiction.