Repetitions of Strenuous Exercise Consistently Increase Paraoxonase 1 Concentration and Activity in Plasma of Average-Trained Men

Abstract

Objectives. Oxidative stress, induced by physical activity, may stimulate the expression, release, and activity of certain antioxidant enzymes. We investigated the effect of three repeated bouts of strenuous exercise on paraoxonase 1 concentration (PON1c) and paraoxonase activity (PON). Methods. Eleven average-trained healthy men (age $34.0\pm 5.2$ years) performed three strenuous exercise tests on a treadmill separated by 72 hours periods of resting. PON1c, PON, ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP), lipid profile, C-reactive protein concentration (CRP), and lactate concentration were determined in plasma. Results. Each exercise bout resulted in similar PON1c, PON, FRAP, and high-density lipoprotein concentration (HDL-C) increments, while PON/HDL-C ratio remained stable in all repetitions. Percentage increments at the bout of each exercise were higher for PON1c (by 64.82% at the first, by 92.9% at the second, and by 77.02% at the third exercise) than for PON (by 6.49% at the first, 10.06% at the second, and by 12.32% at the third exercise). Association was found between preexercise PON and PON1c ( $r=0.56$ , $p=0.029$ ), pre- ( $r=0.87$ , $p=0.00003$ ) and postexercise HDL-C ( $r=0.6$ , $p=0.0002$ ), preexercise PON and cardiovascular fitness level of participants measured as VO2max ( $r=0.39$ , $p=0.026$ ), and postexercise PON and lactate concentration ( $r=0.44$ , $p=0.01$ ). Conclusions. PON1c and PON increase during strenuous exercise, yet the effect of exercise on PON1 concentration is more pronounced. PON1 does not show tolerance to physical activity. The enzyme may provide short-term protection from oxidative stress in each exercise bout. PON may depend on exercise load. Cardiovascular fitness levels may be associated with PON1 activity.