Effects of Abiotic Factors on the Geographic Distribution of Body Size Variation and Chromosomal Polymorphisms in Two Neotropical Grasshopper Species (Dichroplus: Melanoplinae: Acrididae)

Author:

Bidau Claudio J.1,Miño Carolina I.2,Castillo Elio R.34,Martí Dardo A.34

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Alto Valle, Subsede Villa Regina, Tacuarí 669, 8336 Villa Regina, Argentina

2. Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís SP-310 km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil

3. Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Félix de Azara 1552, 3300 Posadas, Argentina

4. CONICET, C 1033 AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina

Abstract

We review the effects of abiotic factors on body size in two grasshopper species with large geographical distributions:Dichroplus pratensisandD. vittatus, inhabiting Argentina in diverse natural habitats. Geographical spans for both species provide an opportunity to study the effects of changes in abiotic factors on body size. The analyses of body size distribution in both species revealed a converse Bergmannian pattern: body size is positively correlated with latitude, altitude, and seasonality that influences time available for development and growth. Allen’s rule is also inverted. Morphological variability increases towards the ends of the Bergmannian clines and, inD. pratensis, is related with a central-marginal distribution of chromosomal variants that influence recombination. The converse Bergmannian patterns influence sexual size dimorphism in both species but in different fashions. Body size variation at a microspatial scale inD. pratensisis extremely sensitive to microclimatic clines. We finally compare our results with those for other Orthopteran species.

Funder

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Insect Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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