Identification and Analysis of Novel Biomarkers Involved in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses

Author:

Zhang Wei1,Xu Yin2ORCID,Zhang Jinghan2ORCID,Wu Jun3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Human Anatomy, Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China

2. Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

3. The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Abstract

In renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is a distinct subtype, whose clinical manifestations often lack specificity, and the molecular mechanisms of ChRCC tumorigenesis remain generally vague. The target of this study was to discover novel biomarkers involved in ChRCC by integrated bioinformatics analyses. We found 2608 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 1518 were upregulated and 1090 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs uncovered significant functional enrichment in three aspects: biological process (BP), molecular function (MF), and cellular component (CC). The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated DEGs were largely enriched in retinol metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Then, the protein–protein interactions (PPI) network was constructed and top three hub genes were identified by the Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba. Through calculating the degree, betweenness centrality, and Stress of mRNAs, CENPA was upregulated and KNG1 and AGT were downregulated. A survival assay performed according to Oncomine data showed only CENPA high expression exhibited a worse prognosis. This study identified crucial genes and pathways for the progress of ChRCC, and CENPA might be a novel biomarker for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ChRCC.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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