Identification and Validation of PIK3CA as a Marker Associated with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background. Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most prevalent renal malignancy. The therapeutic strategies for advanced KIRC are very few, with only sunitinib being widely approved. Mutations in the PIK3CA gene can affect tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and patients’ survival. Methods. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the expression and clinical significance of PIK3CA in KIRC. Moreover, qRT-PCR was conducted to verify the result. Results. Subgroup analyses of KIRC tissue based on gender, tumor grade, and cancer stage indicated downregulation of PIK3CA mRNA expression. The KIRC patients with high PIK3CA expression indicated a better overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival. A predictive nomogram was constructed and demonstrated that the calibration plots for the 3-year and 5-year OS rates were predicted relatively well compared with an ideal model in the TCGA KIRC cohort. The validation study revealed that downregulation of PIK3CA in KIRC tissues and low PIK3CA expression had a poor overall survival with an AUC of 0.775 in the ROC curve. Moreover, Cox regression analysis revealed that PIK3CA expression and clinical stage were independent factors affecting the prognosis of KIRC patients. PIK3CA expression was found to be significantly associated with the abundance of immune cells and immune biomarker sets. PIK3CA and associated genes were found to be mainly associated with immune response and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Conclusion. We identified PIK3CA as a potential biomarker for prognosis correlated with immune infiltrates in KIRC. Further studies should focus on the functions of PIK3CA in KIRC carcinogenesis.