A Histopathological Study of Skin Lesions in Individuals with Oculocutaneous Albinism in Togo in 2019

Author:

Saka Bayaki1ORCID,Teclessou Julienne Noude2ORCID,Akakpo Sefako Abla1ORCID,Gnossike Piham3,Doh Kwamé4,Adam Saliou5,Mouhari-Toure Abas6,Mahamadou Garba1,Kassang Panawé1,Elegbede Moise Yvette7,Darre Tchin8ORCID,Kombate Koussake2,Pitché Palokinam1

Affiliation:

1. Service de Dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo

2. Service de Dermatologie et IST, CHU Campus Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo

3. Centre National de Dermatologie de Gbossimé, Lome, Togo

4. Unité D’histopathologie, Clinique Mélia, Lomé, Togo

5. Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Plastique, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo

6. Service de Dermatologie et IST, CHU Kara, Université de Kara, Kara, Togo

7. Service de Dermatologie et IST, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tomdè, Kara, Togo

8. Laboratoire D’anatomie et Cytotologie Pathologique, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to study the histopathological patterns of skin lesions in persons with albinism (PWA) in Togo in 2019. Method. During two mobile skin care clinics in 2019, biopsies/excisional biopsies were performed in PWA in case of clinical doubt or in front of lesions suspected to be cancerous for histological examination. Anatomopathological reports were thus analysed. Results. During the two mobile skin care clinics, 115 biopsies/excisional biopsies were carried out in 79 PWA, with a mean age of 24 ± 16.1 years. Histological examination led to a diagnosis in 110 cases (95.6%) and was inconclusive in 5 cases (4 cases of uncertain histological diagnosis and one case of nonspecific histological lesions). Fourteen different histological diagnoses were made, with a frequency ranging from 0.9% (one case) to 26.9% (31 cases). The four most frequent diagnoses in descending order were basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) (31 cases; 26.9%), invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) or Bowen’s disease (23 cases; 20%), keratosis (20 cases; 17.3%), and cysts (seven cases; 6.1%). The 54 skin carcinomas were diagnosed in 33 (41.8%) of the 79 patients who underwent skin biopsies/excisional biopsies. The BCC/SCC ratio was 1.3. No cases of cutaneous melanoma had been diagnosed. Conclusion. Skin cancers represent the main histological diagnosis in PWA (46.9%) in Togo in 2019. The pattern of cutaneous malignancies in PWA shows the same trend as that seen in Caucasians with a predominance of basal cell carcinomas.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Dermatology,Oncology

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