Integrated Approach to Hydrogeochemical Appraisal and Quality Assessment of Groundwater from Sargodha District, Pakistan

Author:

Siddique Jamil1ORCID,Menggui Jin1ORCID,Shah Munir H.2,Shahab Asfandyar3,Rehman Faisal4,Rasool Umair5

Affiliation:

1. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China

2. Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

3. College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China

4. Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

5. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

Abstract

Hydrochemical characteristics and aquifer properties present a better understanding of the mitigation of groundwater pollution, which has become one of the leading environmental concerns and threats to the sustainable ecosystem. Seventy-seven groundwater samples were collected from Sargodha District (Pakistan) and characterized for their physical and chemical properties. The analytical data were processed for the evaluation of the processes that control the groundwater chemistry using various drinking and agricultural indices with statistical and hydrochemical modeling. The predominant hydrochemical type was found to be Ca-HCO3 type, followed by Na-HCO3 and Mg-Ca-Cl types. The present study showed that the main factors controlling the groundwater chemistry were the prevalent rock dominance alongside the weathering of silicates, solubilization of carbonates, and cation exchange processes. Entropy water quality index (EWQI) revealed that 6.51% represented “poor water,” while 7.79% were considered “extremely poor” for drinking purposes. However, USSL classification, Wilcox diagram, and other agricultural indices (RCS, SAR, %Na, MH, PI, and PS) showed that the majority of the samples were classified as suitable for irrigation purpose. However, 16% of the samples for %Na and 24% of the samples for MH were not suitable for agricultural purposes. Overall, the groundwater quality was affected by the anthropogenic stress in the study area.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences

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