Isolation, Characterization, Crystal Structure Elucidation, and Anticancer Study of Dimethyl Cardamonin, Isolated fromSyzygium campanulatumKorth

Abstract

Syzygium campanulatumKorth is an equatorial, evergreen, aboriginal shrub of Malaysia. Conventionally it has been used as a stomachic. However, in the currently conducted study dimethyl cardamonin or 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone (DMC) was isolated fromS. campanulatumKorth, leaf extract. The structural characterization of DMC was carried out by making use of various techniques including UV, IR, NMR spectral followed by LC-MS, and X-ray crystallographic techniques. For determining the purity of compound, highly effective techniques including TLC, HPLC, and melting point were used. The cytotoxicity of DMC and three different extracts ofS. campanulatumwas evaluated against human colon cancer cell line (HT-29) by three different assays. DMC and ethanolic extract revealed potent and dose-dependent cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell line with IC5012.6 and 90.1 µg/mL, respectively. Quite astonishingly to our knowledge, this is the very first report onS. campanulatumas being a rich source (3.5%) of DMC, X-ray crystallography, and anticancer activity on human colon cancer cells.