Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome: What Is It and How Can It Be Identified and Diagnosed?

Abstract

Conditions related to body composition and aging, such as osteopenic obesity, sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity, and the newly termed osteosarcopenic obesity (triad of bone muscle and adipose tissue impairment), are beginning to gain recognition. However there is still alack of definitive diagnostic criteriafor these conditions. Little is known about the long-term impact of these combined conditions of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity in older adults. Many may go undiagnosed and progress untreated. Therefore, the objective of this research is to creatediagnostic criteriafor osteosarcopenic obesity in older women. The proposeddiagnostic criteriaare based ontwo types of assessments: physical,via body composition measurements, andfunctional,via physical performance measures. Body composition measurements such asT-scores for bone mineral density, appendicular lean mass for sarcopenia, and percent body fat could all be obtained via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical performance tests: handgrip strength, one-leg stance, walking speed, and sit-to-stand could be assessed with minimal equipment. A score could then be obtained to measure functional decline in the older adult. Fordiagnosing osteosarcopenic obesityand other conditions related to bone loss and muscle loss combined with obesity, a combination of measures may more adequately improve the assessment process.