Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the ADIPOQ Gene Modifies Adiponectin Levels and Glycemic Control in Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. Mortality from DM is largely attributed to disease complications. Glycemic control of DM patients reduces mortality. Studies indicated that the lack of glycemic control in DM patients could be influenced by the genetic background of the patients. Evidence suggests that adiponectin levels are dysregulated in DM patients with poor glycemic control. Serum adiponectin level is a heritable trait influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADIPOQ gene. It is hypothesized that SNPs in ADIPOQ could modify glycemic control in DM patients. To test this hypothesis, 375 type 2 DM (T2DM) patients were recruited. Patients were classified into good vs. poor glycemic control according to hemoglobin A1c levels. Study subjects were genotyped for variations of four SNPs in ADIPOQ (rs17300539, rs266729, rs2241766, and rs1501299). Adiponectin levels were measured from the serum. Our analysis showed that reduced serum adiponectin, a longer duration of treatment, and increased insulin resistance were all significant predictors of poor glycemic control. Moreover, the T allele and the TT genotype of rs2241766 were significantly more frequent in patients with poor glycemic control ( $P<0.05$ ). Individuals with the TT genotype of rs2241766 had significantly lower levels of serum adiponectin ( $P<0.05$ ). It was concluded that lower levels of serum adiponectin and the T allele of rs2241766 SNP in ADIPOQ were associated with poor glycemic control in T2DM patients.