The Global, Regional, National Burden of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (1990–2019) and Predictions to 2035

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the study is to provide the burden of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in 21 regions, 204 countries, and territories from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI) and to predict the global burden of cSCC to 2035. Methods. We use estimates from 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to conduct the analysis and prediction. The burden of cSCC was estimated for 21 regions, 204 countries, and territories from 1990 to 2019, through a systematic analysis of incidence, death, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) modelled data using the methods reported in the GBD 2019 study. We predicted the age-standardized incidence rates to 2035 at the global, regional, and national level. Results. There were 2,402,221 global incidence cases and 356,054 deaths in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate was 30.3 and the age-standardized death rate was 0.7. cSCC, which caused 1.2 million DALYs with an ASR of 14.6 in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate increased by 36.1%, death rate increased by 6.1%, and DALY rate increased by 1.5% globally. At the regional level, the highest age-standardized incidence rate was found in high-income North America, the highest death and DALY rates were shown in Australasia. At the national level, Canada had the highest age-standardized incidence and DALY rates in 2019, and the highest death rate was shown in Tonga. A total of 11 GBD regions and 114 countries were predicted to increase in age-standardized incidence rates between 2019 and 2035, respectively. Conclusions. The cSCC is a major global public health challenge and the burden was often underestimated. The burden is increasing in most countries, especially in countries such as Canada, China, and regions such as Caribbean.