Comparative In Vitro Cytotoxicity Study of Carbon Dot-Based Organometallic Nanoconjugates: Exploration of Their Cell Proliferation, Uptake, and Localization in Cancerous and Normal Cells

Author:

Priyadarshini Eepsita1,Meena Ramovatar1,Bohidar Himadri B.2,Sharma Saurabh Kumar3,Abdellattif Magda H.4,Saravanan Muthupandian56ORCID,Rajamani Paulraj1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India

2. School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India

3. School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India

4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

5. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia

6. AMR and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Chennai, India

Abstract

Organometallic nanoconjugates have raised great interest due to their bimodal properties and high stability. In the present study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity property of carbon dots (CDs) and a series of organometallic nanoconjugates including gold@carbon dots (Au@CDs) and silver@carbon dots (Ag@CDs) synthesized via an aqueous mode. We aimed to divulge a comparative analysis of cell proliferation, uptake, and localization of the particles in HeLa and HEK293 cell lines. Our results showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Au@CDs, Ag@CDs, and CDs. However, Ag@CDs showed the highest inhibition through HeLa cells with an IC50 value of around 50 ± 1.0  μg/mL. Confocal imaging signified the uptake of the particles suggested by blue fluorescence in the interior region of HeLa cells. Furthermore, the TEM micrographs depicted that the particles are entrapped by endocytosis assisted through the cell microvilli. The CDs and Au@CDs were thus observed to be relatively safe up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL and did not induce any morphological changes in the cells. Moreover, the cell proliferation assay of these nanoconjugates against HEK 293 cells signified the nontoxic nature of the nanoconjugates. The results thus revealed two major facts: firstly, the Ag@CDs had potent therapeutic potential, signifying their potential as a promising anticancer drug, and secondly, the CDs and Au@CDs at a defined dose could be used as probes for detection and also bioimaging agents.

Funder

Taif University

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cell Biology,Aging,General Medicine,Biochemistry

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