Structural and Functional Characterization at the Molecular Level of the MATE Gene Family in Wheat in Silico

Abstract

A series of multidrug extransporters known as the multidrug and potentially toxic extrusion (MATE) genes are found in all living things and are crucial for the removal of heavy metal ions, metalloids, exogenous xenobiotics, endogenous secondary metabolites, and other toxic substances from the cells. However, there has only been a small amount of them in silico analysis of the MATE family of genes in plant species. In the current study, the MATE gene family was characterized in silico where two families and seven subfamilies based on their evolutionary relationships were proposed. Plant breeders may use TraesCS1D02G030400, TraesCS4B02G244400, and TraesCS1A02G029900 genes for marker-assisted or transgenic breeding to develop novel cultivars since these genes have been hypothesized from protein-protein interaction study to play a critical role in the transport of toxic chemicals across cells. The exon number varies from 01 to 14. One exon has TraesCS1A02G188100, TraesCS5B02G562500, TraesCS6A02G256400, and TraesCS6D02G384300 genes, while 14 exons have only two genes that are TraesCS6A02G418800 and TraesCS6D02G407900. Biological stress (infestations of disease) affects the expression of most of the MATE genes, with the gene TraesCS5D02G355500 having the highest expression level in the wheat expression browser tool. Using the Grain interpretation search engine tool, it is found that the vast bulk of MATE genes are voiced throughout biotic environmental stresses caused by disease pests, with the genotype TraesCS5B02G326600.1 from family 1 exhibiting the greatest level of expression throughout Fusarium head blight infection by Fusarium graminearum after 4 days of infection. The researchers constructed 39 ternary plots, each with a distinct degree of expression under biotic and abiotic stress settings, and observed that 44% of the triplets have imbalanced outputs (extreme values) due to their higher tissue specificity and increased intensity.