Association of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index with Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Triglyceride-Glucose Index, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Large Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

In the U.S. general population, there is a lack of understanding regarding the association between the systemic immune inflammation (SII) index and estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result, the objective of our research was to investigate the association between the SII index and ePWV, AIP, and TyG index and incident CVD. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2018 to conduct this study. The correlation between the SII index and ePWV, AIP, and TyG index was examined using generalized additive models with smooth functions. In addition, the association between SII index and triglyceride (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and fast glucose (FBG) also were explored. Finally, we further performed multivariable logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots, and subgroup analysis to study the connection between the SII index and CVD. Our analysis included 17389 subjects from the NHANES database. A substantial positive association existed between SII, WV, and the TyG index. In addition, with the increase of the SII index, AIP showed a trend of decreasing first, then rising, and then decreasing. The SII index was inversely and linearly associated with triglyceride (TG), while positively and linearly associated with fast glucose (FBG). However, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) had a tendency of first declining, then climbing, and finally falling with the rise in the SII index. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with the lowest quartiles, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for CVD across the quartiles were 0.914 (0.777, 1.074), 0.935 (0.779, 1.096), and 1.112 (0.956, 1.293) for SII index. The RCS plot showed an inverse U-shaped curve relationship between the SII index and CVD. Overall, this study found a strong correlation between a higher SII index and ePWV and the TyG index. Additionally, these cross-sectional data also revealed a U-shaped connection between the SII index and CVD.