The Antimelanogenic Activity of the Extract of Heukharang Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Leaf

Author:

Ko Heejin1ORCID,Shon Yu Jin1,Lim Wonchul2ORCID,Nam Tae-Gyu3,Kim Wook Chul4,Kim Nam Hee5ORCID,Lim Tae-Gyu12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

3. Major of Food Science and Biotechnology, Division of Bio-Convergence, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea

5. N Kim Lab, DAESAN Inc, Gangneung Science & Industry Promotion Agency, Gangneung-si, Gangwon 25440, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Heukharang (Lactuca sativa L.), the artificially developed lettuce cultivar for enhancement of lactucin content, exhibits antioxidant activities and sleep-promoting effects. However, potential of Heukharang as a raw material for the skin-whitening agent has not been investigated yet. This study evaluated the effects of Heukharang extract (HHE) on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo models. Our findings revealed that HHE (25–100 μg/mL) effectively inhibited α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis in both 2D and 3D cell culture environments without compromising the viability of the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line. Furthermore, HHE suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity, along with both gene and protein expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2. HHE downregulated the mRNA level of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein. The antimelanogenic activity of HHE (50 and 100 μg/mL) was also confirmed using a zebrafish embryo model, highlighting its efficacy in inhibiting α-MSH-induced melanogenesis through the downregulating CREB/MITF/TYR signaling pathways. Moreover, our study demonstrated that a corresponding amount of lactucin (5–20 μM) to the HHE inhibited and regulated melanogenesis. These results collectively suggest that HHE, enriched with lactucin, holds promise as a potential skin-whitening agent for nutricosmetic industries.

Funder

Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

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