Lithium Sulfide as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges

Abstract

Due to the ever-growing demand for high-density energy storage devices, lithium-ion batteries with a high-capacity cathode and anode are thought to be the next-generation batteries for their high energy density. Lithium sulfide (Li2S) is considered the promising cathode material for its high theoretical capacity, high melting point, affordable volume expansion, and lithium composition. This review summarizes the activation and lithium storage mechanism of Li2S cathodes. The design strategies in improving the electrochemical performance are highlighted. The application of the Li2S cathode in full cells of lithium-ion batteries is discussed. The challenges and new directions in commercial applications of Li2S cathodes are also pointed out.