Clinical Value of Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase Combined with Serum S100B Protein in the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the clinical value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) combined with serum S100B protein in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. Sixty patients with SLE treated in our hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled as the study group. According to the degree of activity, the study group was assigned into three groups: mild activity group (n = 20), moderate activity group (n = 20), and severe activity group (n = 20). A total of 60 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital in the same period were enrolled as the control group. The NSE and serum S100B protein were detected in the two groups, and the correlation between serum nerve-specific enolase and serum S100B protein and the clinical value in the diagnosis of SLE were analyzed. Results. First of all, we compared the general data of the two groups. There was no significant difference in sex, age, marital status, and education level, and no significant difference was exhibited ( $p$  > 0.05). There was no significant difference in sex, age, marital status, and education level among mild activity group, moderate activity group, and severe activity group, and no significant difference in data was exhibited ( $p$  > 0.05). Secondly, we compared the levels of serum S100B protein and NSE. The levels of serum S100B protein and NSE in the study group were higher compared to the control group ( $p$  < 0.05). The levels of serum S100B protein and NSE in patients with different activity levels of SLE were compared. The levels of serum S100B protein and NSE in mild activity group < moderate activity group < severe activity group were significantly different ( $p$  < 0.05). Correlation analysis between serum S100B, NSE levels, and SLE activity indicated that serum S100B and NSE levels were positively correlated with SLE activity. With the increase of SLE activity, serum S100B and NSE levels gradually increased, and the data difference was statistically significant (r = 0.855, 0.844, $p$  < 0.05). Finally, we established the logistic prediction model, take the probability of generating prediction as the analysis index, and draw the ROC curve to evaluate the diagnostic value of different combinations to SLE. The highest AUC and sensitivity of the two indexes in the diagnosis of SLE were 0.773 and 0.836, respectively. The levels of serum S100B protein and NSE have a certain value in the diagnosis of SLE, while the combined diagnosis is of higher value, sensitivity, and specificity in the diagnosis of SLE. Conclusion. Serum S100B protein and NSE are very sensitive indexes to judge the damage of central nervous system. However, due to the small number of cases in this study, there were as many as 19 kinds of NPSLE classification, so the relationship between serum S100B protein, NSE levels, and various NPSLE and their exact application value in diagnosing the disease and judging the prognosis needs to be confirmed by expanding the number of cases.