Treatment of Modified Dahuang Fuzi Decoction on Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Kidney Disease through Regulating AhR/NF-κB/JNK Signal Pathway

Abstract

Aim. An increasing widespread of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been established lately around the globe. In addition to renal function loss, CKD can also cause cognitive impairment (CI). Modified Dahuang Fuzi Decoction (MDFD) is used as a traditional Chinese therapy for CKD. The effect of MDFD on cognitive impairment induced by chronic kidney disease (CKD-CI), and therapeutic mechanisms were investigated. Methods. The CKD animals’ model was developed in the 5/6 nephrectomized mice. Sham operation and model groups received normal saline, while positive control and MDFD high/medium/low dose received Aricept (10 mg/kg/day) and different doses of MDFD (24, 16, and 8 g/kg/day), respectively. Cognitive function was detected with the Morris water maze test, while related factors were determined by ELISA. Histopathology and mechanism were studied using HE, western blot, and qRT-PCR. Results. In the CKD-CI mice model, escape latency decreased significantly, whereas time of crossing platform and time spent within the platform quadrant increased substantially $\left(P<0.05\right)$ after MDFD treatment. Moreover, renal function and brain injury in CKD-CI improved dose-dependently, while the effect of MDFD-L was worse. Proteins such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor, nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, and mRNA in the kidney and brain of all the treatment groups decreased substantially $\left(P<0.05\right)$ . Expression of tropomyosin receptor kinase B and brain-derived neurotrophic factor at protein and mRNA levels in the brain were significantly enhanced $\left(P<0.05\right)$ . Conclusion. MDFD presumably activated the BDNF/TrkB pathway by inhibiting the AhR/NF-κB/JNK signaling pathway to treat CKD-CI.