Evaluation of Short-Term Efficacy of PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Immunotherapy for Lymphoma by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging with Convolutional Neural Network Image Registration Algorithm

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the value of PET/CT imaging based on CNN image registration algorithm in evaluating the short-term efficacy of PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy for lymphoma. 36 patients with advanced lymphoma confirmed by histology or cytochemistry and treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody admitted to hospital were included. In addition, 38 normal controls were from healthy volunteers. All patients were treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody intravenous infusion, and the image data were processed by CT with intelligent segmentation algorithm. Medication method: nivolumab 3 mg/kg for 2 weeks; pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg for 3 weeks; and continuous medication until tumor progression or unacceptable adverse reactions. Efficacy was evaluated every 3 cycles. Imaging examinations were performed after 3 weeks of medication to evaluate the therapeutic effect. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-7, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-bb), and other factors in the normal control group were significantly higher than those in the advanced lymphoma patients, and the differences were statistically significant ( $P<\mathit{0.05}$ ). The PET/CT imaging automatic segmentation accuracy of the CNN image registration algorithm was greater than 81%, and 27 patients were treated for more than 3 cycles, including 1 case of partial remission (PR) (3.7%), 16 cases of stable disease (SD) (59.3%) after 3 cycles of treatment, and 10 cases of progressive disease (PD) (37%). After 6 cycles of treatment, 1 case was PR (8.3%), 7 cases were SD (58.4%), and 4 cases were PD (33.3%). Adverse reactions included fever, fatigue, gastrointestinal reactions, hypothyroidism, and interstitial pneumonia. PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy had a certain short-term effect on lymphoma.