The Effect of Lateral Wedge Insole on Gait Variability Assessed Using Wearable Sensors in Patients with Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Background. Lateral thrust seen in people with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis can cause dynamic knee instability and poor postural control during gait cycles. A lateral wedge insole can reduce the lateral thrust and may have a favorable effect on gait variability, which in turn may indicate gait instability improves. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lateral wedge insole on gait variability in knee osteoarthritis patients. Method. We involved 15 symptomatic knee osteoarthritis patients who were provided with lateral wedge insole and 13 healthy asymptomatic volunteers as the control group. The gait variability was evaluated as the coefficient of variation of stride, stance, and swing duration based on acceleration monitoring using a wearable sensor. The lateral thrust was estimated as the lateral acceleration peak on the shank sensor. These measurements were performed without lateral wedge insole (baseline), immediately with lateral wedge insole (T0) at the initial office visit and one month after intervention (T1). Result. Our data showed that the stance duration coefficient of variation and lateral thrust at T1 in the knee osteoarthritis group, were significantly decreased compared to the baseline values and these values were identical to those in the control group. Conclusion. The lateral wedge insole reduces dynamic knee instability and could improve gait variability in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.