Social Support as a Mediator of the Relationship between Hope and Decisional Conflict in Patients Deciding Whether to Receive Dialysis

Abstract

Background. The incidence rate of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Taiwan is the highest worldwide. Patients often hesitate and feel helpless when deciding whether to receive dialysis. However, the resulting delay in starting dialysis can potentially threaten patients’ lives. Purpose. This study aimed to understand the current situation and correlations between hope, social support, and decisional conflict among patients with ESRD deciding whether to receive dialysis. In addition, the role of social support as a mediating variable of the relationship between hope and decisional conflict was investigated. Methods. This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive correlation study. Data, including demographic information, were collected from 85 patients with ESRD who were deciding whether to receive dialysis. Research tools included the Chinese versions of the Herth Hope Index, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, and the Decisional Conflict Scale. Results. When deciding whether to receive dialysis, patients with ESRD felt a low sense of hope, a moderate degree of social support, and a moderate degree of decisional conflict. Hope was significantly correlated with social support and decisional conflict. Social support demonstrated a full mediating effect of 47.7% ( $P<0.001$ ). Conclusions. Patients with ESRD facing the decision to receive dialysis felt a low sense of hope and exhibited decisional conflict. Social support was found to be a mediating variable of the relationship between hope and decisional conflict; therefore, medical personnel should increase the social support of patients with ESRD who are deciding whether to commence dialysis to promote patients’ hope and reduce their decisional conflict.