Clinical Analysis of Fetal Lung Development Index and Pregnancy Outcome in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Satisfactory Blood Glucose Control

Abstract

Objective. To explore the regularity of fetal lung development of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with satisfactory blood glucose control and the clinical analysis with pregnancy outcome. Methods. 120 GDM pregnant women with satisfactory blood glucose control (GDM group) and 200 normal pregnant women undergoing prenatal examination (Control group) from 31 to 38 + 6 weeks of gestation were included. The two groups of pregnant women were divided into 8 time periods according to the gestational age, respectively. The parameters of Doppler flow velocity curve of fetal main pulmonary artery, diameter lines of fetal lung development, mode of delivery, neonatal weight, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), and neonatal pneumonia were, respectively, compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results. Acceleration time (AT) and AT/ejection time (AT/ET) were positively correlated with gestational age, and AT/ET showed stronger correlation than AT, while no significant difference in AT and AT/ET between the two groups ( $P>0.05$ ). There was a positive correlation between the diameter of fetal lung development and gestational age, but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( $P>0.05$ ). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in fetal delivery mode, neonatal weight, neonatal asphyxia, NRDS, and neonatal pneumonia ( $P>0.05$ ). Conclusion. AT/ET may be a potential index to evaluate fetal lung maturity. There was no difference in fetal lung development and neonatal birth outcome between pregnant women with satisfactory GDM blood glucose control and the normal pregnant women. The pregnancy of GDM pregnant women lasts until the end of 37∼38 weeks, and the neonatal incidence rate is decreased. The key is to manipulate the blood glucose in the normal range.