Genetic Diversity Relationship in Azakheli Buffalo Inferred from mtDNA and MC1R Sequences Comparison

Author:

Ali Sikandar12ORCID,Nabi Fazul3ORCID,Awais Muhammad4,Fareed Syed Khurram2,Hussain Johar2,Adeola Adeniyi C.5,Khan Rajwali6,Ahmed Nazeer3,Quan Guobo1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Panlong County, Kunming, 650224 Yunnan Province, China

2. Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi 74200, Pakistan

3. Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Labela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan

4. University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

5. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 Yunnan, China

6. Department of Livestock Management Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan

Abstract

Azakheli is relatively smaller riverine breed with a very peculiar characteristics kept under unique traditional husbandry practices in comparison with rest of the Pakistani buffalo breeds; however, milk production is comparable. The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of Azakheli breed. A total of sixty-six blood samples were collected for the amplification of mtDNA D-loop region and MC1R gene sequencing analysis. Median-joining network analysis of 191 mtDNA D-loop sequences of Azakheli and eight Indian riverine buffalo breeds clustered into three clades. Ancient Azakheli Region 1 clade was the oldest with the highest mutation steps and was present close to the root of UPGMA phylogenetic tree. There was 5 mutated lines distance between Pakistan buffalo and Indian riverine buffaloes. The populations of neighboring countries did not share any haplotypes with Azakheli buffalo of Pakistan. Possibly, residing for so long in the cold atmosphere and high elevation regions caused the mutation in mtDNA D-loop, though these conditions did not affect the overall performance of Azakheli as milch buffalo breed of Pakistan. MC1R analyses showed high mutations in Azakheli of Albino phenotype and all the black phenotype individuals of Azakheli buffalo share haplotypes with dominant Chinese and Indian black phenotypes buffaloes in MC1R median-joining network, indicating the reason of black coat color is due to MC1R gene. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity was (H. 0.923, Pi: 0.00895) in Azakheli. Current results illustrated Asian ancestry for Azakheli buffalo, and mtDNA and MC1R analyses provided further evidence. Additional genetic analyses and archeological studies may provide further insight into the domestication period and history of Azakheli buffalo breed. The further studies are required on different coat colors with different genes on Azakheli buffalo to understand the phenotype variation.

Funder

Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

Reference31 articles.

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