Affiliation:
1. Hellenic National Center for the Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (H.N.D.C), 3 Ploutarchou, 10675 Athens, Greece
2. 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, 1 Rimini, Athens, 12462 Haidari, Greece
Abstract
Resistin and the proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, produced by adipocytes, and macrophages, are considered to be important modulators of chronic inflammation contributing to the development of obesity and atherosclerosis. Human monocyte-enriched mononuclear cells, from ten healthy individuals, were exposed to high concentrations of insulin, leptin, and glucose (alone or in combination) for 24 hoursin vitro. Resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1βproduction was examined and compared to that in untreated cells. High insulin and leptin concentrations significantly upregulated resistin and the cytokines. The subsequent addition of high glucose significantly upregulated resistin and TNF-αmRNA and protein secretion, while it did not have any effect on IL-6 or IL-1βproduction. By comparison, exposure to dexamethasone reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1βproduction, while at this time point it increased resistin protein secretion. These data suggest that the expression of resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1βfrom human mononuclear cells, might be enhanced by the hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia and possibly by the hyperglycemia in metabolic diseases as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, the above increased production may contribute to detrimental effects of their increased adipocyte-derived circulating levels on systemic inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function of these patients.
Subject
General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine
Cited by
79 articles.
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