Quality Control of 11 Cannabinoids by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)

Abstract

Objective. Cannabinoid extraction from Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) for nonmedical purposes has become popular in the United States. Concerns, however, have been raised regarding the accuracy of the labels for cannabinoid levels in the commercial products. Methods. In this study, we developed rapid, sensitive, selective, accurate, and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of cannabinoids. The methods are for determining 11 cannabinoids in cannabis (hemp) extracted in oil form, and we investigated the accuracy of the labeling and thermal stability regarding the cannabinoids on 17 oil cannabis samples. Results. In the UPLC chromatogram, we see a good resolution and there is no matrix effect and the accuracy were 98.2% to 102.6%, and the precision was 0.52%–8.18%. The linearity of the calibration curves in methanol was with a regression r2 ≥ 0.99. The lowest of detection (LOD) was 5–25 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 10–50 ng/mL. The study showed that only 30% of the commercial samples were within the acceptable range of +/−10% compared to the labeled ingredient concentrations. The thermal stability test profile showed a change in the concentration of cannabinoids in each sample at 37°C for one week, with an average loss of cannabinoids up to 15%. Conclusion. The validated method proved to be selective, accurate, and precise, with acceptable linearity within the calibration range with no matrix effect. The stability profile data indicated that high temperatures could change the quality of commercial samples.